Energy storage battery

1、 Technical principles and system composition
Energy storage battery is a device that can convert electrical energy into chemical energy for storage, and then convert chemical energy into electrical energy for release when needed. Its working principle is based on electrochemical reactions, which achieve the charging and discharging process through ion migration between the positive and negative electrodes inside the battery. The energy storage battery system mainly consists of the following parts:

Battery pack: composed of multiple battery cells connected in series or parallel, it is the core part of the energy storage battery system, responsible for the storage and release of electrical energy. Common battery types include lithium-ion batteries (such as lithium iron phosphate batteries, ternary lithium batteries), lead-acid batteries, etc.
Battery Management System (BMS): responsible for real-time monitoring of parameters such as voltage, temperature, and current of the battery pack, ensuring that the battery pack operates within a safe range, and extending battery life through balanced management.
Energy Storage Converter (PCS): It converts electrical energy into alternating current, ensuring efficient energy exchange between the energy storage battery system and the grid or load.
Energy Management System (EMS): Overall energy scheduling and management of energy storage battery systems to optimize energy utilization efficiency.
Fire protection and temperature control system: Ensure that the energy storage battery system operates in a safe environment, prevent safety accidents such as fires, and control the temperature of the battery pack to avoid the impact of overheating or overcooling on battery performance.

2、 Application scenarios and requirement analysis
Energy storage batteries are widely used in various fields, including renewable energy grid connection, electric vehicles, rail transit, communication base stations, distributed energy systems, etc. In the field of ships, the application of energy storage batteries varies depending on the type of ship and navigation requirements:

Inland river vessels have high requirements for reducing emissions and noise, and energy storage systems can help them achieve zero emission operation, meeting urban environmental protection needs.
Offshore vessels: The operating range is relatively fixed, and shore power charging can be utilized, combined with energy storage systems to optimize energy use and reduce operating costs.
Ocean going vessels have higher requirements for energy density, stability, and reliability of energy storage systems to meet the needs of long-term and long-distance navigation.
Special vessels, such as research ships, engineering ships, etc., require energy storage systems to provide stable power for high-precision equipment and have the ability to cope with complex sea conditions.

3、 Advantages and Challenges
Advantages:

Environmental friendliness: The application of energy storage batteries can significantly reduce the consumption of fossil fuels, lower carbon emissions, and help address climate change.
Economy: Energy storage batteries can reduce energy costs and improve economic efficiency through arbitrage of peak valley electricity price differences and reducing engine usage.
Energy efficiency improvement: Energy storage batteries can recycle and reuse braking energy, improving energy utilization efficiency.
Operational flexibility: The electric propulsion system has a fast response speed, making it easy to achieve precise control and improving the maneuverability and safety of the ship.
Challenge:

High initial cost: The cost of high-performance battery packs and BMS is relatively high, which increases the investment in ship construction.
Insufficient charging infrastructure: The layout of shore power facilities and charging stations is not yet perfect, which affects the widespread application of energy storage systems.
Technical bottleneck: Battery energy density, cycle life, and safety still need to be improved to meet the long-distance needs of ocean going vessels.
Lack of standards and regulations: The lack of unified technical standards and safety regulations for ship energy storage systems hinders industrial development.